The Differences between R290 and R32 Heat Pumps

Introduction

Heat pumps are rapidly gaining popularity across Europe as energy-efficient solutions for both heating and cooling. At the core of every Heat Pump is a refrigerant — a substance responsible for absorbing and transferring heat, making it a crucial component in the system’s performance.

Choosing the right refrigerant is essential, as it directly affects key aspects of a heat pump, including:

Energy efficiency

Operational cost

Safety standards

Environmental impact

Among the various options available, R290 and R32 have become two of the most widely used refrigerants in modern heat pumps. The performance, reliability, and suitability of a heat pump largely depend on the refrigerant it operates with.

In this guide, we’ll explore the key differences between R290 and R32 heat pumps. We’ll also take a closer look at each refrigerant and help you decide which Guangteng heat pump is the ideal choice for your needs.

What is R290?

R290 is a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant, commonly known as propane. It’s widely used in various heating and cooling systems, including refrigeration units, air conditioners, and heat pumps.

One of R290’s key advantages is its exceptionally low Global Warming Potential (GWP) of just 3, far below the standard threshold of 150. This makes it a highly eco-friendly alternative to traditional refrigerants such as R410A and R22. In addition, R290 features a high latent heat of vaporization, meaning it can absorb a significant amount of heat during the evaporation process — resulting in excellent energy efficiency.

While R290 has low toxicity, it is highly flammable. As such, strict safety protocols must be followed during installation, operation, and maintenance to prevent potential fire hazards.

Despite this, R290 remains a popular refrigerant option because of its superior efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Many modern systems, including Guangteng heat pumps, now utilize R290 refrigerant to deliver reliable, eco-conscious performance.

What is R32?

R32 is a widely used refrigerant, primarily applied in heat pumps and air conditioning systems. It belongs to the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) category, which means it contains no chlorine, making it safer for the ozone layer. Chemically, it’s also known as difluoromethane.

R32 has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 675, significantly lower than many legacy refrigerants previously used in the industry. Additionally, it carries a zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), contributing to a reduced environmental footprint.

One of R32’s key advantages is its higher energy efficiency compared to several older refrigerants, helping reduce operational costs throughout the system’s service life. Although R32 is classified as mildly flammable (A2L), it is generally considered safe when handled according to industry standards. However, like most refrigerants, excessive inhalation should be avoided.

Thanks to its balance of performance, efficiency, and lower environmental impact, R32 has become a popular choice worldwide for modern heating and cooling systems. 

Differences between R290 and R32 heat pumps

The refrigerants R290 and R32 each bring distinct characteristics to the heat pumps they’re used in, resulting in noticeable differences in performance, efficiency, and environmental impact.

Here’s a breakdown of the primary differences between R290 and R32 heat pumps:

1. Refrigerant Properties
While both systems rely on different refrigerants, their environmental profiles vary significantly. R290 boasts a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of just 3 and an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of 0, making it one of the most eco-friendly refrigerants currently available.
In comparison, R32 has a GWP of 675 and an ODP of 0 — still better than many older refrigerants but notably higher than R290.

2. Energy Efficiency
When it comes to volumetric cooling capacity, R32 outperforms R290. R32 offers approximately 87% higher cooling capacity per unit volume than R290. This means that, for the same cooling demand, a heat pump using R290 requires a compressor with a larger displacement to achieve comparable performance.

A study was undertaken on the efficiency of R290 and R32 heat pumps in Europe. It was found that at 35°C:

The R32 model had a SCOP (Seasonal Coefficient of Performance) rating of 4.72.
The R290 model had a SCOP of 5.66.

That implies a 21% improvement for the R290 heat pump.

At 55°C, it was found that:

The R32 model had a SCOP rating of 3.39.
The R290 model had a SCOP rating of 4.48.
That implies the R290 heat pump is about 34% more efficient at the same temperature.

3. Safety
In terms of safety, R32 is classified as mildly flammable (A2L) but is generally considered low-risk when handled properly. It can, however, be slightly toxic if inhaled in large quantities. On the other hand, R290 is highly flammable, which means that the installation, maintenance, and disposal of R290 heat pumps require strict safety protocols and certified handling procedures.

When selecting your ideal system, it’s essential to consider the safety requirements associated with each refrigerant. Guangteng heat pumps are designed to meet international safety standards for both R32 and R290 models.

4. Efficiency at Low Temperatures
R290 heat pumps deliver higher COP (Coefficient of Performance) ratings than R32 models at lower outdoor temperatures, making them better suited for colder regions and harsh winter climates.

Conversely, R32 heat pumps typically perform better in higher ambient temperatures, offering stable performance during warmer conditions.

5. Energy Consumption
R290 heat pumps often consume more energy to achieve the same heating or cooling output compared to R32 systems. While R290’s lower GWP makes it environmentally preferable, higher energy consumption over time can partially offset its ecological benefits.

Meanwhile, R32 heat pumps, such as those from Guangteng, tend to have lower operational costs, helping balance out the typically higher initial investment.

6. Availability
R32 is more widely adopted in the current heat pump market, making R32 heat pump models and spare parts easier to find. This broader usage means that service, maintenance, and part replacement for R32 heat pumps is generally more convenient and accessible than for R290 systems.

7. Cost
In general, R290 heat pumps are slightly more expensive than their R32 counterparts. The higher cost is due to the enhanced safety measures required to handle the flammability of propane (R290), which can increase both manufacturing and installation expenses.

However, final pricing varies depending on the heat pump brand, capacity, and model. Guangteng offers competitive pricing across both refrigerant types to suit different project budgets.

8. Noise Level
R32 heat pumps tend to operate more quietly than R290 systems, primarily due to their lower operating pressure and smoother mechanical performance. This makes R32 models particularly attractive for residential or commercial applications where low noise levels are important.

9. Environmental Impact
As previously noted, R290 is highly regarded for its minimal environmental footprint, thanks to its ultra-low GWP of just 3 and zero ODP.

While R32 represents a significant improvement over older refrigerants, its GWP of 675 is considerably higher than that of R290. Moreover, R290 can contribute to smog formation if leaked in large amounts, whereas R32, as a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), poses a global warming risk if released into the atmosphere.

Both refrigerants are considered more environmentally friendly than legacy options like R410A, but Guangteng prioritizes sustainable technology choices across its heat pump product lines.

Should I choose an R290 heat pump or an R32 heat pump?

The selection between R290 and R32 heat pump systems relies on manifold factors. When choosing either one, the following should be reflected:

When should I use an R290 heat pump?

R290 heat pumps can be an excellent solution for heating and cooling in the following scenarios:

1. Ideal for Cold Climates
If you’re located in a region with harsh, cold winters — such as Northern Europe — R290 heat pumps are a highly recommended option. Thanks to propane’s low boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization, R290 systems deliver superior heat transfer performance. This enables them to provide efficient, reliable heating even when outdoor temperatures drop significantly.

2. Environmentally Friendly Choice
As highlighted earlier, R290 boasts an ultra-low GWP of just 3, making it one of the most eco-friendly refrigerants currently in use. It’s also non-toxic and non-corrosive, enhancing overall system safety and reliability. For projects with a strong focus on environmental responsibility and sustainable technology, Guangteng R290 heat pumps are an ideal selection.

3. Retrofit Existing Systems
R290 refrigerant is suitable for retrofitting existing heating and cooling systems that currently use other refrigerants. This allows businesses and homeowners to upgrade system performance and reduce environmental impact without the need for a complete equipment overhaul — a practical, cost-effective solution for system modernization.

4. Versatile for Residential and Commercial Applications
R290 heat pumps are widely applicable in both residential and commercial settings. Whether for private homes, office buildings, or commercial facilities, they deliver efficient heating and cooling with a minimal carbon footprint. 

Guangteng R290 heat pump solutions offer these benefits while maintaining advanced safety features and dependable operation.

When should I use an R32 heat pump?

R32 is one of the most widely used refrigerants in heat pumps across Europe, thanks to its excellent energy efficiency, lower environmental impact, and alignment with current regulations.

Here are the situations where R32 heat pumps are a smart and practical choice:

1. Outstanding Energy Efficiency
In recent years, R32 refrigerant has earned a strong reputation for its high energy efficiency. This results in improved heat pump performance for both domestic and commercial applications, helping reduce energy consumption, lower electricity bills, and minimize carbon emissions. For projects prioritizing operational efficiency, Guangteng R32 heat pumps are an excellent solution.

2. Broad Market Availability
R32 heat pumps are widely accessible throughout Europe, making them a convenient and reliable choice for a variety of residential and commercial installations. The extensive availability also ensures easier access to replacement parts and technical support when needed.

3. Ideal for Warm and Humid Climates
In regions with warm, humid weather conditions, such as Southern Europe, R32 heat pumps tend to deliver better performance. These systems excel in applications requiring continuous, long-duration heating and cooling, making them a popular selection in areas with milder winters and hotter summers.

4. Enhanced Safety Profile
Classified as an A2L refrigerant, R32 offers low flammability, low toxicity, and zero ozone depletion potential (ODP). This makes it a safer choice for residential and commercial cooling and heating systems, while still ensuring dependable performance.

5. Regulatory Compliance
R32 meets the latest European Union (EU) F-gas regulations, which are aimed at phasing down high-GWP refrigerants. With a GWP of 675, R32 represents a significant improvement over older alternatives such as R410A (GWP 2088). Guangteng’s R32 heat pump systems are fully compliant and future-ready, offering peace of mind for long-term use.

6. Cost-Effective Option
Compared to R290 heat pumps, R32 models are generally more affordable in the European market. For those seeking a budget-friendly yet efficient and reliable heating/cooling solution, Guangteng R32 heat pumps present a value-packed alternative.

Conclusion

Choosing the right heat pump with a suitable refrigerant is a key decision that significantly influences the performance, efficiency, safety, and long-term operating costs of your heating and cooling system.

As we’ve explored, R290 and R32 each offer distinct advantages.

R290 heat pumps stand out for their exceptional environmental benefits and reliable performance in colder climates.

R32 heat pumps, on the other hand, are favored for their wider availability, enhanced safety profile, regulatory compliance, and competitive pricing.

To determine the most suitable option for your specific project or installation environment, it’s highly recommended to consult with a Guangteng professional technician. Our team can provide tailored advice and help you select the optimal heat pump system equipped with the ideal refrigerant — ensuring you achieve the perfect balance between performance, efficiency, and sustainability.

If you would like more information about this product, please feel free to contact us. Recommend other popular products for you: high-temperature heat pump water heater for manufacturing in, R32 inverter heat pump manufacturer, R32 inverter heat pump solution