AC motors convert electric energy into mechanical energy. An AC motor uses alternating current (AC). For AC, the direction of the current changes periodically. In the case of common AC that is used throughout most of the United States, the current changes direction 120 times every second. This current is referred to as "60 cycle AC" or "60 Hertz AC.” Another characteristic of current flow is that it can vary in quantity. For example, the flow can occur in 5 amp, 10 amp, or 100 amp.
It would be rather difficult for the current to be flowing at say 100 amps in a positive direction one moment and then flow at an equal intensity in the negative direction. Instead, as the current is getting ready to change directions, it tapers off until it reaches zero flow and then gradually builds up in the other direction.
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